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Comparison of sensitivity of Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium difficile against selected chemical ingredients.
Šlitrová, Barbora ; Ing.Veronika Holá, Ph.D. (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
Sporicidal activity of disinfectants is tested on Bacillus subtilis spores according to ČSN EN 13704 standard. Until December 2007, 10 countries encountered outbreaks and 7 additional countries had endemic cases of Clostridium difficile-associated disease due to hypervirulent strain C. difficile PCR ribotype 027. This outbreak of CDAD with increased severity and mortality is spread as typical nosocomial infection. Clostridium difficile spores can persist on dry surfaces for 5 months. Therefore it is important to compare the effectiveness of disinfectants on both strains and find out whether Bacillus subtilis is the only proper microorganism for testing the sporicidal activity.
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Laboratory Methods of Clostridium difficile Diagnostics in Hospitalized Patients in Tábor Hospital, a.s.
ČÍŽEK, Luboš
This thesis deals with the issue of bacterial infection caused by Clostridium difficile. This infection is a significant medical and epidemiological problem, especially in hospitalized patients in health care facilities. The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on the description of the bacterium Clostridium difficile, deals with its clinical significance, the causes of occurrence, and laboratory methods used to examine samples for the presence of the bacterium and its toxins. It summarizes current possibilities of treatment and prevention of the diseases caused by the bacterium. The practical part describes current laboratory examination procedures in the Hospital Tábor, a.s. The data from the examinations in the reference years are processed there. All analysed data describe results of examinations in patients hospitalized in the hospital in Tábor. The practical part of the thesis brings summarized and evaluated results of the examinations. This part is gives answers to the question of adequacy of examination procedures and the impact of selected risk factors on the frequency of the examinations. It also includes evidence that the incidence of health care associated Clostridium difficile colitis has been increasing over the years. The cases of two patients affected by this colitis caused by previous antibiotic treatment are also described. In conclusion, the thesis summarizes the importance of Clostridium difficile and answers to the set questions. It was found that high number of results of tested samples were negative. Therefore, possible improvements are recommended.
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Analysis of flagellar proteins in Clostridium difficile isolates of clinically relevant PCR-ribotypes
Houdková, Kateřina ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Tichý, Aleš (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Kateřina Houdková MPharm Supervisor: RNDr. Klára Konečná, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Jiří Dresler, Ph.D. Title of rigorous thesis: Analysis of flagellar proteins in C. difficile isolates of clinically relevant PCR-ribotypes Background: Strains of C. difficile of known human epidemiologic importance are associated with severe clinical features of C. difficile infection (CDI). In this study, a panel of eight different PCR-ribotypes (RTs) with their proteins released in vitro were subjected to analysis. The aim of this work is to monitor the relationship between secretions of individual proteins associated with flagellar formation and function in C. difficile strains of variable virulence. Methods: Within our research, a combination of tandem mass spectrometry with liquid chromatography was used. The semi-quantitative analysis employed label free quantification (LFQ) approach. Results: From the quantifiable proteins, 17 were significantly increased in functional annotations. Among them, several known factors connected with flagellar assembly and other functions were identified. Higher expression of selected flagellar proteins clearly distinguished RTs 027, 176, 005 and 012, confirming the pathogenic...
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The effect of antibiotics on human gut microbiome and the influence of probiotics on its restoration
Hloucalová, Nikola ; Lichá, Irena (advisor) ; Ulrych, Aleš (referee)
Antibiotics are used for treatment of bacterial infections. They negatively affect not only the pathogens, but also other microorganisms in the gut, including the beneficial bacteria. Antibiotic treatment changes the proportion of good versus bad bacteria in the gut, causes a decrease in the number of commensal bacteria and leads to the overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens. We should consume probiotics during and after the antibiotic treatment, otherwise it results in an unhealthy stool and moreover it affects the immune system which then leads to physical and mental illnesses. This thesis summarizes the influence of probiotics on human gut during dysbiosis caused mainly by antibiotics.
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Optimization of laboratory diagnosis of infections caused by Clostridium difficile
Kalinová, Petra ; Matějková, Jana (advisor) ; Sýkorová, Blanka (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of infections caused by Clostridium difficile and their diagnostics. In the introduction to the theoretical part basic characteristics of c. difficile are described, including small look back in history. Below are described the causes and manifestations of the disease, which the bacteria can cause and how it can be treated. There is also a mention of the epidemiological situation in the Czech Republic and in the world. In addition the possibilities of laboratory diagnostics, the detection of c. difficile, the principles of individual methods and the interpretation of results are mentioned. Finally, the work discusses the risk factors that increase the possibility of clostridial infections and the ways of prevention of this disease. The following section describes the exact practical laboratory techniques for the individual methods, the necessary reagents and equipment. Then there are the results of the tested stool samples, which are obtained by using two methods. Methods and results are compared in this section. In the conclusion of my work the findings resulting from the practical part are summarized. There are also evaluated the objectives set out in the introduction. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Incidence and molecular typing of Clostridium difficile strains in the Czech republic
Malinová, Anna ; Jirásková, Alena (advisor) ; Čáp, Michal (referee)
Clostridium difficile is a major cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is of gaining importance now due to its increasing incidence and severity. However, little is known about the C. difficile infections in the Czech Republic. The aim of the study was to characterize C. difficile strains recently isolated (2008 to 2011) from patients hospitalized with gastrointestinal disease in four Prague health care institutions using molecular typing methods; PCR toxinotyping, PCR ribotyping and MLVA (multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis). Among 273 C. difficile strains, we identified 8 toxinotypes (0, III, IV, V, VI, VIII, IX a XXIII) and 63 ribotypes, of which ribotypes 596 (23,4 % patient), 017 (13,9 %) and 176 (7 %) were the most frequent. According to PCR ribotyping, the situation in the Czech Republic is the most similar to the situation in Poland. Within ribotypes 017, 017/1 and 017/2 and ribotypes 596 and 596/1, 5 and 4 distinct clusters were identified by MLVA, none of which was institution-specific. Additionally, pathogenic C.difficile were isolated from piglet faeces (63,3 %) in a single piglet farm, evaluating the role of C. difficile as an emerging animal pathogen. All piglet isolates belonged to the toxinotype 0 and the ribotype...
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Clostridium difficile - Importance and current options of laboratory diagnostics
Partlová, Simona ; Nyč, Otakar (advisor) ; Bártová, Markyta (referee)
This thesis mainly describes the question of Clostridium difficile diagnostic service. The first part briefly describes the characteristic of this bacterium. Further, the paper outlines common properties of the bacterium, the causes and manifestations of the diseases that it implicates and current opportunities of the laboratory service. The practical part of bachelors work deals with examination of toxin detection C.difficile in stool specimens, which was in case of positive result completed by cultivation. The cultivation and following Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) is not routine task carried out in every clinical laboratory. PCR ribotyping is relatively new method that is provided rarely on the present. Generally, 195 patients have been tested in laboratory of Department of Medical Microbiology in Motol for Clostridium difficile toxin inherency in stool. Overall 30 samples have been tested as positive. The positive samples have been cultivated on special soil just for Clostridium difficile to acquire a clean culture. After that, the metronidazole susceptibility has been obtained from these gained isolates. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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